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general description the max3814 tmds eq/driver ic compensates for fr-4 and cable losses up to the dvi/hdmi transmit connector and provides a fully compliant dvi/hdmi tmds output. the device can also be used in dvi/hdmi cable applications to extend reach and improve jitter margin of cable channels at the receive-side connector. the on-chip tmds drivers operate at a standard cur- rent level for implementing a typical dvi/hdmi non- back-terminated transmitter, as well as a 50% higher current mode for using a 200 back termination resis- tor (nonmatching) to achieve a 10db return loss. typical dvi/hdmi output drivers contribute to reflection problems between the connector and a typical high- impedance (open) dvi/hdmi tx output. the selectable output current (level pin) gives the option of partial back termination (e.g., differentially connected 200 ) to mitigate the reflection problem effectively while keeping common-mode offset to a minimum. the 4-channel implementation treats all channels identi- cally. to allow board layout flexibility for dvi and hdmi connectors, which have different channel order, the clock and data channels can be arbitrarily assigned. the max3814 operates from a 3.3v power supply, standard for dvi/hdmi applications, and is packaged in a 5mm x 5mm x 0.1mm, 32-pin tqfp package. applications laptop pc tmds equalizer and driver docking station tmds equalizer and driver cable tmds equalizer features ? equalizes fr-4 board microstrip and cable hf losses up to 15db at 825mhz for operation at 0.25gbps to 1.65gbps ? compatible with hdmi 1.3 ? less than 0.2ui p-p residual jitter at 1.65gbps for 0 to 15db channel loss at 825mhz ? input terminations: 50 (each side to v cc ) ?0% ? output of driver is a fully dvi/hdmi tmds- compatible cable driver ? output amplitude: 1.05v p-p differential ? enable pin to select normal operation or power- down mode ? level pin to select output current for use with or without back termination ? 32-pin tqfp for four channels; any channel can be either a tmds data or clock signal ? v cc = 3.3v; signal pins have absolute max ratings of 5.5v (for fault conditions) max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 terminated to v cc ind+/- inc+/- inb+/- ina+/- outd+/- outc+/- outb+/- outa+/- enable level output level control max3814 4 3 2 equalizer 1 4 3 2 limiting amplifier 1 4 3 2 driver 1 simplified functional diagram ordering information part temp range pin- package pkg code MAX3814CHJ+ 0? to +70? 32 tqfp h32+1 19-0813; rev 1; 9/07 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. + denotes a lead-free package. tmds is a registered trademark of silicon image, inc. dvi is a trademark of digital display working group. hdmi is a trademark of hdmi licensing, lcc. evaluation kit available pin configuration appears at end of data sheet.
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings specification tables (typical values measured at v cc = 3.3v, t a = +25?; external terminations = 50 ?%; min/max values valid over v cc = 3.3v ?.3v, t a = 0? to +70?; with external terminations = 50 ?% to voltage = 3.3v ?.7v. tested at 1.65gbps. ac parameters guar- anteed by design and characterization.) power supply stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. termination-supply voltage range.......................-0.5v to +4.0v signal voltage range on any one signal wire ....-0.5v to +4.0v cml common-mode voltage range on any i/o pair (sustained) .....................................-0.5v to +5.5v cml common-mode voltage range on any i/o pair (sustained, within v cc and gnd)......-3.3v to 3.3v, differential cml output loading (termination)............................0 to open operating ambient temperature range ................0? to +70? storage ambient temperature range...............-40? to +150? esd human body model, any pin .....................................2000v parameter conditions min typ max units dc parameters supply current 110 140 ma operating conditions parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage v cc 3.0 3.3 3.6 v operating ambient temperature 0 25 85 c data rate 0.25 1.65 gbps maximum channel loss at 825mhz, fr-4 microstrip compensate on curve 15 db source output rise/fall time 20% to 80%, measured at source transmitter (input to channel) 240 ps differential input-voltage swing measured at source transmitter (input to channel) 700 1050 1400 mv p-p maximum supply noise tolerance dc-5000khz, all specifications maintained 50 mv p-p tmds equalizer performance parameter conditions min typ max units residual output jitter (15 x rj rms + dj) from 0.25gbps to 1.65gbps subtract source jitter for dj, 0 to 15db fr4 loss at 825mhz (note 1) 0.2 ui p-p
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 specification tables (continued) (typical values measured at v cc = 3.3v, t a = +25?; external terminations = 50 ?%; min/max values valid over v cc = 3.3v ?.3v, t a = 0? to +70?; with external terminations = 50 ?% to voltage = 3.3v ?.7v. tested at 1.65gbps. ac parameters guar- anteed by design and characterization.) cml inputs parameter conditions min typ max units dc parameters common-mode input voltage v cc - 400 v cc + 100 mv input termination voltage when disconnected from source v cc - 10 v cc + 10 mv single-ended input termination with 50 load, each side to v cc 45 50 55 ac parameters differential input return loss < 1.6ghz 14 db cml outputs parameter conditions min typ max units dc parameters with 50 load, each side to v cc ; level = low 900 1050 1200 differential output-voltage swing with 50 load, each side to v cc ; level = high; 200 back termination 900 1050 1200 mv p-p single-ended high output voltage level = low v cc - 10 v cc + 10 mv single-ended low output voltage level = low v cc - 600 v cc - 400 mv output voltage when enable disabled level = low, enable = high v cc - 10 v cc + 10 mv ac parameters output, rise/fall time 20% to 80%; with 50 load, each side to v cc 80 170 230 ps
typical operating characteristics (v cc = +3.3v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted. residual jitter is measured directly from the eye diagram histogram after 5000 hits.) max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ note 1: the specified fr-4 loss is from 12-mil traces, 7-mil spacing, and 6-mil depth (prepreg) with no solder mask. the test pattern is a 2 7 - 1, 20 zeros, inverted 2 7 - 1, and 20 ones. lvttl/lvcmos and open-collector lvttl parameter conditions min typ max units dc parameters lvttl input high voltage 2.0 v lvttl input low voltage 0.8 v lvttl input high current -100 +100 a lvttl input low current -100 +100 a power-supply current vs. temperature max3814 toc01 temperature ( c) power-supply current (ma) 60 50 40 30 20 10 50 100 150 0 070 level = high level = low max3814 input: eye diagram of 1.65gbps data after 80in of fr-4 max3814 toc02 100ps/div 140mv p-p /div max3814 toc03 max3814 output: eye diagram of max3814 equalizing 1.65gbps data after 80in of fr-4 100ps/div 140mv p-p /div specification tables (continued) (typical values measured at v cc = 3.3v, t a = +25?; external terminations = 50 ?%; min/max values valid over v cc = 3.3v ?.3v, t a = 0? to +70?; with external terminations = 50 ?% to voltage = 3.3v ?.7v. tested at 1.65gbps. ac parameters guar- anteed by design and characterization.)
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 max3814 toc04 max3814 output: 1.65gbps data after 30ft of tensolite 28 awg cable 100ps/div 140mv p-p /div max3814 toc05 max3814 output: 250mbps data after 30ft of tensolite 28 awg cable 100ps/div 140mv p-p /div max3814 output: 2.25gbps data after 33ft of 24 awg spectra strip cable max3814 toc06 74ps/div 125mv/div typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = +3.3v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted. residual jitter is measured directly from the eye diagram histogram after 5000 hits.) single-ended/differential input return loss (s11/sdd11) max3814 toc07 frequency (mhz) gain (db) 2000 1000 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -30 0 3000 (input signal level = 0dbm) (output disabled) sdd11 s11 deterministic jitter vs. length of fr-4 board max3814 toc08 length of fr-4 (in) dj (ps) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 50 100 150 200 250 0 0100 (source signal l evel = 700mv p-p /1200mv p-p , data rate = 0.825gbps and 1.65gbps, loss = 0.209db/in at 820mhz) 700mv p-p 1200mv p-p 1.65gbps 825mbps 700mv p-p deterministic jitter vs. length of 24 awg cable max3814 toc09 length of 24 awg cable (ft) dj (ps) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 0 040 1.65gbps (source signal level = 700mv p-p , data rate = 1.65gbps and 2.25gbps, cable loss = 0.261db/ft at 1.12ghz) 2.25gbps deterministic jitter for 28 awg twin ax cable max3814 toc10 length of twin ax cable (ft) dj (ps) 40 30 20 10 50 100 150 200 0 050 v in = 700mv p-p v in = 1200mv p-p (source signal level = 700mv p-p /1200mv p-p , data rate = 1.65gbps, loss = 0.358db/ft at 820mhz) residual jitter due to power-supply sinusoidal noise max3814 toc11 noise frequency (mhz) residual (ps) 10 1 0.1 0.01 20 40 60 80 100 0 0.001 100 no noise 50mv noise (source signal level = 700mv p-p , noise signal level = 50mv p-p , data rate = 1.65gbps, 60in fr-4) residual jitter max3814 toc12 input signal level (mv p-p ) residual jitter (ps) 1500 1100 700 50 100 150 0 300 (source signal level = 300mv p-p to 1800mv p-p , data rate = 1.65gbps, 60in of fr-4 board, fr-4 loss = 12.61db at 820mhz)
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ pin description pin name function 1, 8, 17, 24 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 2 inb+ positive tmds input, cml 3 inb- negative tmds input, cml 4, 5, 9, 32 v cc power supply. all pins must be connected to v cc . 6 inc+ positive tmds input, cml 7 inc- negative tmds input, cml 10 ind+ positive tmds input, cml 11 ind- negative tmds input, cml 12 enable active-low enable input, lvttl. high to disable, outputs off. low to enable, outputs on. 13, 16, 20, 21, 25 ,28 v ee negative power supply (ground) 14 outd- negative tmds output, cml 15 outd+ positive tmds output, cml 18 outc- negative tmds output, cml 19 outc+ positive tmds output, cml 22 outb- negative tmds output, cml 23 outb+ positive tmds output, cml 26 outa- negative tmds output, cml 27 outa+ positive tmds output, cml 29 level output current level control, lvttl. low for 10ma output currents. high for 15ma currents. used for 200 back differential termination resistors. 30 ina+ positive tmds input, cml 31 ina- negative tmds input, cml
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 driver equalizer limiting amplifier terminated to v cc driver equalizer limiting amplifier terminated to v cc driver equalizer equalizer limiting amplifier terminated to v cc driver limiting amplifier terminated to v cc outd+/- level output level control outc+/- outb+/- outa+/- ina+/- inb+/- inc+/- ind+/- enable max3814 detailed description the max3814 tmds equalizer/driver accepts differential cml input data rates from 250mbps to 1.65gbps. it con- sists of four differential cml input buffers, four indepen- dent fixed equalizers, four limiting amplifiers, and four differential cml output buffers (figure 1). the max3814 functions both as an equalizer and as a driver. as an equalizer the max3814 automatically adjusts for attenuation levels up to 16db at 825mhz from either dielectric board losses or skin-effect losses in copper cable. as a driver the max3814 provides cml outputs. the cml output is normally open (i.e., no back termination) and is dc-coupled by transmission line to a termination at the far end per dvi/hdmi standards. the max3814 provides nominally 10ma output-switching currents. however, with the max3814, there is a selectable higher current drive to accommodate a differential 200 back termination resistor while maintaining the differential swing of 1000mv p-p . this 200 back termination resistor serves to dampen signal reflections returning to the device from discontinuities in the channel such as dvi or hdmi connectors, providing a 10db return loss. see the cml inputs and outputs section for more information. figure 1. functional diagram
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ cml inputs and outputs the input buffers and the output drivers are current- mode logic (cml). see figures 2, 3, and 4. the input buffers consist of a 50 load resistor connected to v cc and the input connected to a differential equalizer. the output drivers are open-collector. the current in these outputs can be adjusted to 10ma or 15ma with the control pin level. for 10ma operation, each open- collector output drives through a transmission line to a 50 pullup of the next stage, as shown in figure 3. for recommended 15ma operation, the two outputs are bridged by an external 200 back termination resistor that is subsequently pulled up by a 50 resistor of the next stage, as shown in figure 4. the esd structure per- mits signals to achieve 5.5v absolute maximum ratings, high common-mode range, and compatibility to hdmi testing. the back termination resistor should be placed as close as possible to the max3814 in the layout. the esd protection for both the input and output cir- cuitry consists of diodes connected to a transient volt- age suppressor clamp shown as a schottky diode in figures 2, 3, and 4. for more information about the function of the suppressor clamp, refer to the detailed description section of the max3208e data sheet ( www.maxim-ic.com/max3208e ). equalizer transient supressor clamp v cc v cc in_+ in_- 50 50 + - transient supressor clamp figure 2. simplified input circuit 5ma 50 50 enable = high level = low v t transient supressor clamp 10ma out_+ out_- figure 3. simplified output circuit without back termination resistor
output enable control the enable pin is an lvttl input that allows the user to shut off the output-collector currents, thereby reduc- ing power consumption of the device. forcing this pin high turns the output currents off; forcing this pin low (normal operation) turns the currents on. figure 5 shows a simplified circuit for both the output and enable controls. applications information figure 6a shows a typical tmds channel from a graph- ics board of a laptop computer to a remote display. maintaining a 100 differential impedance for this channel has its challenges. besides proper board lay- out of traces, there are multiple reflection points (a to h). for example, at interface f in figure 6a, a circular arrow shows a reflection at the connector of a remote display. when these reflections hit another interface, they reflect again and thus become echoes corrupting the incident signal. in figure 6b, the max3814 is used to equalize losses, isolate reflections, and redrive the transmission line with high fidelity. max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 50 200 back termination 50 v t transient supressor clamp out_+ out_- 5ma enable = high level = low 10ma figure 4. simplified output circuit with back termination resistor transient supressor clamp 50k 44k v cc 44k 88k level, enable inputs figure 5. simplified input circuitry for output level (level) and enable ( enable ) control
max3814 laptop pc tmds equalizer and driver as shown at location xx in figure 6b, the max3814 equalizes trace losses and redrives the tmds outputs at the docking connector. the 200 resistor at the out- put of the max3814 absorbs reflections from the dock- ing connector. dock or port expander the max3814 can also be used on the dock or port expander as it equalizes loss, isolates the connector, and redrives tmds output signals at location yy as shown in figure 6b. similarly, with the previous applica- tion, the 200 resistor at the output of the max3814 absorbs reflections in this case from the dvi or the hdmi connector. an optional 2db to 6db attenuator pad can be used to absorb reflections between internal interface connec- tions. if used, the attenuator pad must be a matched pi or t attenuator network. the resulting flat through loss can be made by the excellent input sensitivity of the max3814 as shown in the typical application circuits . the max3814? excellent input sensitivity allows the attenuated signal to be restored. dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ laptop a dock external dvi/hdmi cable dvi/hdmi connector dvi/hdmi connector mxm connector reflection interfaces docking connector internal connector or flex remote display graphics board asic asic 50 3.3v 50 3.3v laptop dock external dvi/hdmi cable dvi/hdmi connector dvi/hdmi connector mxm connector docking connector internal connector or flex remote display graphics board asic asic 200 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 200 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 200 pad b c d e f g h max3814 xx max3814 yy max3814 zz figure 6a (top). schematic showing the tmds signal channel from the laptop graphics boards to the remote display. possible reflection interfaces are labeled a to h. figure 6b (bottom). schematic showing the same channel, with possible location of the max3814 to equalize losses, to absorb reflections, and to redrive the transmission line.
cable tmds equalizer the max3814 is useful in providing equalization for cables losses at location zz, at the input dvi/hdmi connector of the remote display. it can equalize cable lengths of 15 meters of 26 awg wire and 12 meters of 28 awg wire. again, the 200 resistor placed at the output of the max3814 absorbs reflections from the imperfect termination of the asic or imperfect transmis- sion-line interconnect. layout considerations the tmds cml inputs are the most critical paths for the max3814 and great care should be taken to mini- mize discontinuities on these transmission lines between the connector and the ic. here are some sug- gestions for maximizing the performance of the max3814. the data and clock inputs should be wired direct- ly between the cable connector and ic without stubs. the 4-channel implementation treats all channels identically. input and output data channel designa- tions are only a guide. polarity assignments can be swapped and channel paths can be interchanged. an uninterrupted ground plane should be posi- tioned beneath the high-speed i/os. ground-path vias should be placed close to the ic and the input/output interfaces to allow a return current path to the ic and the dvi and hdmi inputs. maintain a 100 differential transmission line impedance into and out of the max3814. to minimize possible reflections, choose the 200 back termination option. place this resistor as close to the max3814 as possible. use good high-frequency layout techniques and multilayer boards with an uninterrupted ground plane to minimize emi and crosstalk. refer to the schematic and board layers of the max3814evkit. max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 laptop dock external dvi/hdmi cable dvi/hdmi connector dvi/hdmi connector mxm connector docking connector remote display graphics board asic asic 200 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 200 cmos routing switch 50 3.3v 50 3.3v 200 max3814 max3814 max3814 typical application circuits
max3814 driver/equalizer max3816 ddc extender max3815 equalizer hdtv up to 60m dvi-d or hdmi cable standard length dvi-d or hdmi cable digital broadcast digital cable digital satellite dvd blu-ray disc hd-dvd blu-ray is a trademark of blu-ray disc association. dvi-d or hdmi extender box video source typical application circuits (continued) max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ max3814 eq/driver v cc 3.3v 10% v cc v cc level 50 0.1 f 0.1 f 0.1 f 0.1 f z (differential) = 100 ac-coupling application: (not for a dc-coupled dvi/hdmi tmds link) controlled impedance transmission line or cable controlled impedance transmission line or cable z (differential) = 100 50 v cc rx 3.3v 50 50 3.3v 3.3v 10% 100 100 3.3v 10% enable gnd (1 of 4)
max3814 dvi/hdmi tmds fr-4 and cable equalizer/driver maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 13 2007 maxim integrated products is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. chip information process: sige bipolar max3814 tqfp (5mm 5mm 1.0mm) top view 29 30 28 27 12 11 13 inb+ v cc v cc inc+ inc- 14 n.c. outb+ v ee v ee n.c. outc+ outc- 1 + 2 v ee 4567 23 24 22 20 19 18 level ina+ outd- v ee enable ind- inb- outb- 3 21 31 10 ina- ind+ 32 9 v cc v cc outa+ 26 15 outd+ outa- 25 16 v ee n.c. n.c. 8 17 v ee pin configuration package information for the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . package type document no. 32 tqfp 21-0110 revision history pages changed at rev 1: 1?, 13, and 14, 15 (removed)

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